Factors Affecting Sustainability of Employee’s Health and Wellbeing in Public Sector Electronics Circuit Production and Repair Industry of Pakistan

Authors

  • Muhammad Asim Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • [email protected] Assistant Professor, Lahore School of Aviation, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Fida Muhammad Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Hassan Abbas Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55737/rl.v5i1.26165

Keywords:

Sustainability of Employees’ Health and Wellbeing, Occupational Health and Safety Measures, Growth Opportunities, Safety Measures, Physical Health Hazards, Electronics Circuit Production, Job Characteristics

Abstract

Production and repair of electronic circuits play a critical role in the national defense, communication infrastructure, and economic development in Pakistan. Besides being critical in economic development, the industry poses various occupational hazards such as soldering fume, lead and tin exposure, ergonomic injury, and heat exposure leading to serious concerns for physical and mental wellbeing of its workers. The aim of this study is to empirically examine the critical aspects of the Sustainability of health and wellbeing for employees working in the electronics circuit production and repair in the government sector in Pakistan, particularly, in the metropolitan cities of Rawalpindi as well as Islamabad given that the majority of the government technical facilities of Pakistan exist in these cities. Primary data were collected using a structured Likert scale questionnaire distributed via HR Departments to technical, clerical, and supervisory employees in government sector electronic circuit manufacturing and repair units, using convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Statistical analyses were performed on a total of 413 valid responses. Results reveal positive significant association between the study variables. Overall, the model defines 62.1 percent of variance in employee wellbeing. The study highlights the need to conduct regular training sessions, implement ergonomic solutions, and other safety and wellbeing measures to ensure employee wellbeing in Pakistan’s electronics industry.

Author Biography

  • Muhammad Asim, Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

    Corresponding Author: [email protected]

References

Amoadu, M., Agyare, D. F., Doe, P. F., & Abraham, S. A. (2025). Examining the impact of psychosocial safety climate on working conditions, well-being and safety of healthcare providers: A scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12254-2

Arshad, M. A., Arshad, D., & Zakaria, N. (2023). Mediating role of wellbeing among organizational virtuousness, emotional intelligence and job performance in post-pandemic COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105895

Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056

Chang, C.-C., Chari, R., Fisher, G. G., Huang, W., Petrun Sayers, E. L., & Sauter, S. L. (2024). NIOSH worker well-being questionnaire (WellBQ). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

Chang, R. (2024). The impact of employees’ health and well-being on job performance. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 29, 372-378. https://doi.org/10.54097/9ft7db35

Chen, C.-Y., Wu, G.-S., Chuang, K.-J., & Ma, C.-M. (2009). A comparative analysis of the factors affecting the implementation of occupational health and safety management systems in the printed circuit board industry in Taiwan. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 22(2), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2009.01.004

Choudhry, M. T., Iqbal, S., & Anwar, R. (2024). Telemedicine in Regional Prospects Towards Globalization: An Overview of the Telehealth Utility in Region Around Pakistan, Challenges and Opportunities from Neighbourhood. International Journal of Trends and Innovations in Business & Social Sciences, 2(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.48112/tibss.v2i1.733

Christiansen, B., & Chandan, H. C. (2017). Handbook of research on human factors in contemporary workforce development. IGI Global.

De Vos, A., Van der Heijden, B. I., & Akkermans, J. (2020). Sustainable careers: Towards a conceptual model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.011

Di Fabio, A. (2017). The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development for well-being in organizations. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01534

Ditton, M. J. (2009). How social relationships influence academic health in the ‘enterprise university’: An insight into productivity of knowledge workers. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(2), 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360902725033

Grimani, A. (2016). Labour market and health: Theoretical, empirical and cognitive aspects. https://repository-edulll.ekt.gr/edulll/handle/10795/3304

Hair, J. F. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). sage.

Hamed, S. A., Hussain, M. R. M., Jani, H. H. M., Sabri, S. S. S., & Rusli, N. (2023). The impacts of physical workplace environment (PWE) on employees productivity. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 5(4), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.55057/ijbtm.2023.5.4.33

Hämmig, O. (2017). Health and well-being at work: The key role of supervisor support. SSM - Population Health, 3, 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.04.002

Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications.

ILO, 2020, & Wickramasekara, P. (2020). Malaysia: Review of admission and recruitment practices of Indonesian workers in the plantation and domestic work sectors and related recommendations. https://researchrepository.ilo.org/esploro/outputs/book/Malaysia-review-of-admission-and-recruitment/995219037102676

Inceoglu, I., Thomas, G., Chu, C., Plans, D., & Gerbasi, A. (2018). Leadership behavior and employee well-being: An integrated review and a future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), 179-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.006

Jain, A., Leka, S., & Zwetsloot, G. I. J. M. (2018). Work, Health, Safety and Well-Being: Current State of the Art. In A. Jain, S. Leka, & G. I. J. M. Zwetsloot, Managing Health, Safety and Well-Being (pp. 1–31). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1261-1_1

Jovevski, L. (2021). National Occupational Safety and Health Policies. Harmonius: J. Legal & Soc. Stud. Se. Eur., 314.

Karanika-Murray, M., Duncan, N., Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Organizational identification, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(8), 1019–1033. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmp-11-2013-0359

Khan, S., Jawad, M., Ullah, A., & Shafi, M. M. (2023). SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RESPONSIBILITY AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG RURAL INDUSTRIAL WORKERS IN DISTRICT DIR LOWER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN. Pakistan Journal of Society, Education and Language (PJSEL), 9(2), 125-133.

Lesener, T., Gusy, B., & Wolter, C. (2019). The job demands-resources model: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Work & Stress, 33(1), 76–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2018.1529065

Markham, L. G. (2009). Quality of work life as predictor of employees’ mental health. https://scholar.ufs.ac.za/items/ffe9c2cb-bcdf-4a18-b96a-a85cb6268ba9

Mohammadyan, M., Moosazadeh, M., Borji, A., Khanjani, N., & Rahimi Moghadam, S. (2019). Exposure to lead and its effect on sleep quality and digestive problems in soldering workers. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(3), 184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7298-2

Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M. B., Ogbonnaya, C., Känsälä, M., Saari, E., & Isaksson, K. (2017). Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 31(2), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2017.1304463

Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric Theory 3rd edition (MacGraw-Hill, New York).

Ogbonnaya, C., Tillman, C. J., & Gonzalez, K. (2018). Perceived Organizational Support in Health Care: The Importance of Teamwork and Training for Employee Well-Being and Patient Satisfaction. Group & Organization Management, 43(3), 475–503. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601118767244

Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2009). Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(2), 224–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.002

Raza, M. A., Aman, M. M., Abro, A. G., Tunio, M. A., Khatri, K. L., & Shahid, M. (2022). Challenges and potentials of implementing a smart grid for Pakistan’s electric network. Energy Strategy Reviews, 43(100941), 100941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.100941

Schwatka, N. V., Sinclair, R. R., Fan, W., Dally, M., Shore, E., Brown, C. E., Tenney, L., & Newman, L. S. (2020). How does organizational climate motivate employee safe and healthy behavior in small business?: A Self-Determination Theory perspective: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(5), 350–358. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001839

Skakon, J. (2016). Kan relationel fagkoordinering styrke de studerendes præstationer? Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift, 11(21), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.7146/dut.v11i21.23217

Sommovigo, V., Setti, I., Maiolo, M. E., & Argentero, P. (2021). Tunnel construction workers’ well-being: The role of job control and supervisor support. International Journal of Construction Management, 21(9), 945–957. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1600276

Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., Notelaers, G., Peters, P., Stoffers, J. M. M., De Lange, A. H., Froehlich, D. E., & Van der Heijde, C. M. (2018). Development and validation of the short-form employability five-factor instrument. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 106, 236–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.02.003

WHO, W. R. O. for. (2018). Environmental noise guidelines for the European region. WHO Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen, Denmark.

WHO. (2021). WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/who-global-air-quality-guidelines

Downloads

Published

2026-02-07

How to Cite

Asim, M., [email protected], Muhammad, F., & Abbas, H. (2026). Factors Affecting Sustainability of Employee’s Health and Wellbeing in Public Sector Electronics Circuit Production and Repair Industry of Pakistan. Regional Lens, 5(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.55737/rl.v5i1.26165